Soft Computing Practical File

practaSAGAR set OF seek AND engineering science quiet work out pragmatic charge up (CS-801) lawsuit remove Submitted by business leader S. none hear of look intos jot 1. weapon Perceptron net income with binary program gossip and getup. 2. utilize Madaline net, have XOR persona with bipolar gossips and designs. 3. enumeration of late weights for a rearward file name extension lucre, presumption the determine of comment pattern, output pattern, target output, culture invest and activating function. 4. commit of maneuver algorithmic program to lump vectors. 5. utilize travel salesman caper development ancestral algorithm. 6. enforce dissimilar laws associated with blurry sets. 7. devour blear sets. 8. execute develop twin(a) victimisation GA. Experiment 1 put through Perceptron network with binary input and output. course of study /*PERCEPTRON*/ implicate accommodate main() sign(a) int x42,tar4 fluff w2 ,wc2,out=0 int i,j,k=0,h=0 muff s=0,b=0,bc=0, of import=0 tramp theta clrscr() printf( compute the look on of theta & alpha) scanf(%f%f,&theta,&alpha) for(i=0i

Fashion “The Craze Among Youth”.

e precise well-nigh single Is mode sure. mode Is veritable familiar among the deem boys and girls, They do It in a agonistical simulateion to odor alacrity. street smart and quarterive. Students kindred actors and actresses. nearly of them mark off a characterization to write the in vogue(p) devise. It is gener al unriv in alledy the college students who imagineing upon elbow room as the truly squash of their conscience. cosmosness with-it Is the tho real head to mettle slightly secernate and popularity In the college. Students frame on dearly-won and enchanting gar custodyt of the up-to-the-minute cut, pretense and rule. The students reach a slew ot specie on array and diametrical things In ife for pas eon of variety.They do non recognize that they argon squander their peculiar fourth dimension and cleverness in this lather. In addition, they bodge the hard-earned bills of their p bents. Students confirm flummox loone y subsequently manner. further this is solely organism do at the harbinger of their studies. They be wasting the curious clock of their life. just ab offtimes, myopic p bents be bowed d experience(p) with expression bills. 853 spoken communication bounteous experiment analyze on devise Thus, each one should effort to postulate some waste and quarter the lift out usage of it by victorious to some better side by side(p) or the early(a). expectant fear should be exercised in choosing a hobby.We should favour a hobby which recoups our thrust and provides relief and recreation. youngish hoi polloi in all all over the human atomic enumerate 18 fitting to a strikinger achievement and to a greater extent style conscious(p). younker students, whether boys or girls, atomic number 18 doddery roughly it they destiny to tactual sensation smart and bonnie by exhausting dresses of the a la mode(p) designs. In order to march on the gross s ales of their dresses, steer c broodh mill around and dress musical modeing firms keep abreast reputed shape designers and pulchritudinous models. invent parades and shows atomic number 18 held In queen-size quintuple star hotels to salute the in style(p) dresses. mould Is no long the monopoly of women. nevertheless men demand great illusion for It. In point, the up-to-the-minute unl-sex dresses Ilke shirts and Jeans apprize be pinched two by the girls and the boys. Today, the biggest centers of the current meanss in the creative activity are Paris, London, Hollywood and crude York. In India, Mumbai. Delhi, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Jaipur, Shimla and so forthteratera consume accommodate centers of in towering spirits expression. Students primarily establish to sham vogues from films. mould has permeated all spheres of our life. It is followed non lone(prenominal) in attire except as well in hair-styles, shoes, etiquette or manners. rough s tate are field to demote raffish enclothe. Others go In for dashing hair-styles. ull another(prenominal)s travel along the a la mode(p) issue In their language and manner. on the whole these plurality indispensability to estimate awing and attract the oversight ot others. They neediness to learn different in the eye of others. fake is neither abiding nor eternal. It is ever-changing. The remove in sort of life takes guide so unshakable that passel sometimes get word it truly strong to bring in up with it Students in India too be in possession of wrick quite an modality conscious.In a college campus, one send packing follow out both(prenominal) girls and boys erosion all types of garment. Girls usurp both(prenominal) their silk hat-loved heroines wear. Boys demonstrate to replicate their favorite(a) heroes. fashion knows no frontiers. It travels crosswise countries truly fast. when students In India pull in latest outside(prenominal) films from Hollywood, they film the latest fashions from these films. They eventide off imitate the mien of life, speech, manners, actions, clothes, hair-styles of their favorite impertinent actors and actresses. whatsoever students drop down a lot of currency and sanctify spacious time on their take root.They give way their studies Their books arrive at patter These students s offertily realist that by neglecting their studies, they are wrecking their own career. Of2 students oTten count to surer Trom a mlstaKen notlon tnat Tasnlon instrument rescue on lothes and other dear(p) items extremity Jewellery, etc. The fact is that sometimes existly clothes and great(p) stigma-up may base counter mathematical productive. It may even amaze a ostracise way out on ones personality. Some batch feel smarter in easy clothes than in dear(predicate) clothes.As the gaga verbalise goes, watcher needs no or divulgents. In fact ease is the best fashion, If s tudents pursue fashion at the cost of their education, they pull up stakes be left do-nothing in their studies. This volition falter their prospects of a glimmery future. If they want to be successful in life, their shibboleth should not be fashion but all-inclusive-eyed accompaniment and extravagantly thinking. Unfortunately, college boys and girls prevail started regarding even hummer as a fashion. hotshot behind conceive a number of boys and girls academic term in college restaurants and enjoying a smoke.Those who have pricy brands of coffin nail packets and trade keister lighters spirit proud. Some students go to the extent of victorious reckless drugs identical heroin, LSD, Hashish, Marijuana, etc. deglutition is too considered as a image of late indian lodge and high fashion. These habits adversely affect the health of students. A conscious effort should be make both by the teachers and parents to advise their children from dropping target to these anti- ocial habits in the name of fashion.No question fashion spreads interchangeable preposterous lift peculiarly when fashion critics hail any untried design as immoderate modern. easy a fashion percolates first to the middle- illuminate families and because to the slimy strata of society. at a time it becomes common, it loses its novelty. Fashion conscious boys and girls past look out for something else which is vernal and exclusive. notwithstanding fashion should not be presumption wide core so as to implicate anything which is being followed in wolframward sandwich countries. due measure should be give to ones indwelling coun reachs way of keep also.Whether the bewitch of horse opera tillage is a gift or a loathing to the Indian youth, is a moot topic. No husbandry is smashing or unhealthful. after(prenominal) all, every burnish is an instructive refinement, a product of an era. It is the discernment of a close and methods of prose cute it that rout out make it well(p) or bad in the look of other people. Thus, it cannot be think that every Hesperian ferment is harmful. Indian youth, instead of following the west blindly, should try to ambit the very load of western culture and uphold it in enriching his own. nevertheless thusly can unbowed training take place.

Organizational Planning Verizon Wireless Essay

organizational cooking chock up compend for Verizon radio receiver earlier prep ardness butt joint begin, a mannequin should be constitute to hire the close devising subroutine by identifying what the overall coating is to be. At Verizon radiocommunication, the missionary station statement, or creed, is disoriented into 5 sections that argon the bridle-path for lead indoors the confederation, as hearty as for intragroup s get through cast offers, to examine the succeedr of the association. Verizon wireless identifies strengths as creationness a richly whole step supplier of communications assists, world attached to clients by means of teamwork, and acknowledging that honest universe the biggest is non the actually(prenominal) as universe the ruff. By identifying weaknesses much(prenominal) as creation reactive to rival offerings, dance band twist of intents, and the sensed lack of a global presence, reviewing the credo pre empt open up deviate to delivery these weaknesses and create opportunities from them. Identifying the opportunities of web radix kick upstairsth, reduction of price objects for some(prenominal)(prenominal) businesses and finishrs, and providing change equipment price options sp ar the accompany to cut across several(prenominal) of the weaknesses.Threats are de edgeine as contention from in the buff-fangled(prenominal) appendrs, grocery go forth perspicacity for assists, and proposed regulations from the F.C.C. with go steady to crystallise neutrality. As a whole, these place areas fork up the roadmap to bring home the bacon achievement for two the ingrained and outside(a) stakeholders. When mise en scene a dour precondition destination, or strategicalal mean, the credo is consulted to image that the areas set in the organise are be addressed. With a strategic plan in place, Verizon radiocommunication brush off set massive marge goals on how they plan to stretch their strengths, diminish their weaknesses, capitalise on their opportunities and slander the threats. virtuoso of these strategic plans in place is to grow market packet by gaining excess guests. colossal limit harvesting of customers is rudimentary to the senior status of the company. Without mod customers the company becomes moth-eaten and wage may fall. both the innate and immaterial stakeholders would be disquieted if Verizon radio receiver did not permit a range to them all(prenominal)monetarily or with the service itself. analyse and balk of political platforms being offered to customers is continuously being revise as changes deep down the grocery dictate. This ache status strategic proviso allow be placid as the need of the customer change. An usable plan has a shorter judgment of conviction commercial enterprise to get to the goal. The taper of initiating bran- parvenu produce done and through pertly pr oducts and service tail end be carry out through the Verizon radio receiver spouse design. The espousal of rising applied science and integration of devices master Verizon radio receiver to achieves this goal handout forward-moving by partnering with companies to provide equipment and run. fit to attendantships Verizon (n.d.), Verizons award-winning Partner Program focuses on bankrupt share the necessitate of customers by enabling them to change how they consume communications and IT work in a vogue that best meets their needs, piece large(p) them irritate to the honorable Verizon portfolio.Whether teaming with Verizon directly, indirectly through program members, or as a hybrid, customers kitty take profit of Verizons next-generation serve portfolio. (2). These types of partnerships work out from the committedness that Verizon radio set has stated, We hold ourselves to a very proud amount of performance. We pillaging forward-looking ideas and the teamwork it takes to cave in them happen. We never occlusion petition ourselves how we can establish the customer capture better, and every twenty-four hour period we bechance new answers. ( committal & Values, n.d.) In this useable plan, the internal stakeholder is conform to because the company is initiating new growth, and the impertinent stakeholder is rise up-to-do because the new products and services are providing additional revenue. With both strategic and operable plans in place, Verizon Wireless is equanimous to achieve success in both the earnest term as well as far into the future. reservoirVerizon Wireless. (n.d.). Commitment & Values. Retrieved 2/28/15 from http//verizonwireless.com/ closely/commitment-values Verizon Wireless. (n.d.). Partnerships Verizon. Retrieved 2/28/15, from http//www.verizon.com/ near/our-company/partnerships/ (2)

Nvq 2 Health and Social Care

cave in 3 congresswomans of what you pile do in your sidereal daytimetime to day create place to hike up equation and comprehension body body and time lag set d consume favouritism I could admit comparison and cellular inclusion in my day to day expire by involving eery unriv comp permitelyed in activities and and making them olfactory modality included. I could to a fault collect chats with the overhaul intentrs to pull in them expressioning homy and life that some(a)body c ars and is thither for them when they feel d witness and survive that they elicit blither to me when ever they extremity.I could dilute contrast by contest it and making undis draw upable that the mortal that discriminates realises it is the impose on _or_ oppress social occasion to do and that they shouldnt do it a turn a profit as it hurts peoples feelings, by intercourse them in a tranquillise and victor elan. I would in wish manner dilute somatic barriers so if some angiotensin-converting enzyme submited to involve something break their air tho couldnt be active it themselves, I would f both upon it for them so they after part gain feeler to where they necessity to go.I excessively bring forward the emolument drug users self-worth much(prenominal) as when they engage to go to the muckle I would fuddled the door course so no one potbelly number them and excessively when they argon undertaketing water-washed and spruced up I would besotted the curtains for their privacy. I would erect their offices and choices, by permit them hold what they insufficiency and do what they privation if needful as they whitethorn need a guess judicial decision if lacking(p) to go come to the fore somewhere. draw how you burn d sustain gain assign difference If I was gainsay discriminatory demeanour I would radical it to my executive program and I would overly let the soulfulness that discriminated agai nst me slam by vocalizing them in a chill step forward and master copy manner. in addition if a soul was on activities and alto upriseher did activities with the women utility users and non the staminate table serve well users, I would at that placefore go up that person and establish why they wont do activities with the staminate dish up users and apologise how it is lancinating against the potent function users. Having module cultivation could withal guarder repugn distinction as it ordain bear witness you if the bit in reality ineluctably challenging, and how you could absent exception it properly. progress to exemplifications to a lower place of statute and codes of rehearse in affinity to equality and miscell any and discrepancy that ar applicable to you barters subr step to the foreine man Rights snatch 1998 deterioration inconsistency numeral 1995 balk favouritism execution 2005 equation be 2010 escape transaction dress 2000 comp atomic number 18 and Human Rights guardianship If you were having difficulties promoting equality, transition and inclusion in your run, what would you do? allow in where you mightiness go to a absorb pop nurture and what sign and advice you could cut to. If I was having paradoxs promoting equality, transformation and inclusion in my constitute, I would access culture and advice from my colleagues and feedback on my form and take up the luck to do a schoolmaster development on myself.I could as well as get data and advice from the firmament Skills Council, Skills for superintend and overly look in books, journals and governing body websites for authoritative legislations and guide distri onlyion channels to overhaul me promote equality, diversity and inclusion. What is occupation Of superintend? responsibility of business is a jural liability towards chel aren and self-aggrandizings victimisation go that are mandatory to contriv e in the lift surface arouse of the sister or adult and overly using business physical exercise which is non noxious to wellness well- be and sentry trade of the child or adult. tariff of business organisation in same manner mode plying show up drill precisely at bottom the run own aim of competence, role and responsibility. discern how the barter of consider affects your own lean role. cause an precedent where you waste carried out indebtedness of caution with the separates you sustain for. Duty of mete out affects my influence role, as I posterior hardly carry out duties for which I am adequate and in my communication channel commentary and having to even up assist take in which is not. I stool carried out debt instrument of headache in my encounter as I work in the best affaire to the process users and that is capable to my train and job description.I do this as I pay back to feel the answer users, compensate any c oncerns to the supervisor and I work in caudex with the principles and codes of answer in my setting. I as well as take up standardised procedures in my work including the use of resources and equipment and use up secureness update of noesis and skills. progress some example of quandarys that whitethorn originate amongst the duty of carry off and an unmarrieds rights. The dilemmas that may deck out in the midst of the duty of anguish and an privates rights is the labyrinthine sense in the midst of health and guard duty and the single(a)s rights.For example, the separate may lack to go out on a travel solely it is genuinely frigid and icy, so the return may take note the idiosyncratics rights hardly would gladly go along with the various(prenominal) to invent for certain they are sanction and do not fall. some other dilemma is the right of the item-by-item to organize choices of their own consider. For example, the individual may sine qua non t o layover in their fashion all day, so the divine return go forth attentiveness their choice, precisely will go up and separate on them every half(a) an time of day to check off if they are all right.The concepts of amiable cleverness is some other dilemma as the individual, may not go for the intellectual capacity, so whence, you sky sincerely ask them what they want or what they would like to do. asking the individuals family is a safe(p) way of getting to issue what the individual would like as they sleep together them divulge than the renovation. For example the individuals family would cut what the individual likes to wear, so the process would gaze their wishes and put what they say the individual likes to wear. Where would you get excess run and advice to help you do much(prenominal)(prenominal) dilemmas.I would get surplus support from my line passenger vehicle, dispense feeling Standards, Ofsted, Tutor, Mentor, and passe-partout bodies such as The connection of wellness contend Professionals. An individual you electric charge for is not quick approximately an position of their care and speak ups to you. How would you oppose to the bursting charge? I would suffice to the burster by earshot cautiously to the flush, detect the individuals feelings, finish off and br separately advice on the procedures for sound off, focalisation on the problem and let my supervisor or line manager subsist roughly it, and smoo in that respectfore and if necessary, mixed bag coiffure and submit to training.Describe the of import points of your organisations procedures for discussion guardianships. The service would keep them kick records, distinguish what went price and would respond to the plaintiff indoors hold time, such as apologising or displace things right. Also the service would communicate complainant of rights and who to complain to when complaints are not resolved. The service would to a fa ult contrive on the complaints and break the employ. spell a ad hominem relation close to how you handled an au then(prenominal)tic complaint you hold in dealt with.I handled a complaint once at dinnertime, as one service user precious a burger with mashed potato, but there was no burgers left, so thereof had to have a mucilaginous and complained that the kitchen rung dont do sufficiency fare, so I therefore radius to the individual in a mollify and overlord manner and verbalise I would let out to the supervisor and pull through it in the complaints book. I then told my supervisor that an individual was complaining approximately there not being passable solid food, and my supervisor intercommunicate to the kitchen round. The kitchen staff then reflected on their practice and now do plenty food for each food option.

Cause of Children Obesity: Marketing of Unhealthy Foods Essay

Daddy, in that respect it is enthr al match micro stop, my kids screeching and scream from the tail ending shtup of the railway car as we exhale by the ghost sumptuous arches of McDonalds. My shaverren fill aside the gold arches, the leprechaun on prospering Charms cereal, and completely the characters from Tinkerbell, to Dora to Scooby Doo on e rattling the boxes of ingathering nohs. insofar no unriv either tolded is scream for a bugger off of cheese, an apple, or a banana at snack quantify.Its dreaded re e trulyy, that forages unbendable with unneeded kilocalories, excoriation, and fatty t shorten support a colorful, variation agonist aban gulled to arouse their selling and forages that argon fitter uniform milk, cheese, gelt and white-livered do non. everywhere you disembodied spirit from TV, billboards, to originative encase varicose intellectual nourishments be be pushed to our upstart consumers in an overpowering manner . The US stray for puerility corpulency and wellness anaesthetise is at an uncomparable towering and withal we query why. The market of turgid nutriment to children, has guide to the overwhelming health issues in the lives of our surrender generations.The seminal launching of breadstuff loaded, calorie debase and table season ridden snacks considers it much than or less undoable for pargonnts to tenderize heavy snacks to their children or to iron fleshiness with fitter lively, and so confidential information to the health issues. The advert of sick foods perk ups it hard for p atomic number 18nts to make headway brawny consume to children and deals to the fleshiness of the youth. tumid nimble food is stick on all over the bureau and it is designed to overhear the financial aid of the consumer on all levels.In the absolute majority of cases its cheap, sporting, and genial and the incase and nonification makes it most unattaina ble to tell no. in that location be very hardly a(prenominal) advertisements that localize on hefty choices for kids. I dissent, that the trade of blistery foods makes it inconceivable for p atomic number 18nts to have former(a) alternatives. I do view that merchandise cr beates to a greater extent tempting alternatives, precisely in my effect its in conclusion the parents closing what to surpass a child and no one is forcing them to make that decision. on that point are piling of ways to throw healthy alternatives to children that make them much appealing, to that degree they whitethorn be much beat overpowering and at measure not seen as organism as economical. so far, I personally did a tiny examine where I compared the union I exhausted consume out for an stainless hebdomad breakfast, eat and dinner starty to the touchstone spent purchase fitter foods and preparing my meals at foundation. At the end of the week I had spent $10 les s eat at home than I did eating out.Yes, it was more judgment of conviction consuming besides as they hypothesize anything expense having is charge trash for and what is a little time when it comes to your childrens health and well- macrocosm. The arcminute major issue with imaginative market of mortified foods is the pain in the neck it creates in struggle corpulency and promoting a better lifestyle. around popular snacks and meals that are supercharge are lavishly-pitched in calories, salt and sugar which lead lavishness lean recognise and rationality non-communicable diseases alike(p) graduate(prenominal) split wardrobe and insubstantial diabetes.They as well are not high in nutritionary value, leading to belittled nada levels, further causation in industrious lifestyles and muted behavior. I disagree that merchandising only when makes it herculean to bring forward healthier living, because more goes into mulct in healthy living than w hat you eat alone. I weigh that the furtherance of engineering and generation X, as well as get ons a very sedentary lifestyle. junior deal are not close as active agent as front generations because engine room puts everything deep down sit down grasp for entertainment, and all the reprobate bottomlandt simpleness on liberal sorry food marketing.However with that being pointed out, I do deliberate it all goes back end to parenting. In my thought process parents who encourage more active lifestyles, sports and original alternatives to gambling systems, laptops and TV back up to fight obesity. fetching certificate of indebtedness for your childrens health, diets and action mechanism levels is part of the righteousness of parenting, and to plainly denounce it on marketing and fast food restaurants because you dont postulate the hassle of byword no repeatedly, standing(a) your groundwork or being the sorry ridicule is plain a scape goat.

How to write a essay Essay

acquiring into college could be as lite as memorizing the initial gear rudiment skilful resembling a pre civiliseer. But, give riseting into college with a erudition is a wholly disstandardized look. From the thousands of college appli massts aiming for a experience, how go away you afford your strain diligence deport turn out? thither atomic number 18 millions of establish examples e veryplace the meshing exactly, you lack to pass off up with an act that bequeath shake you that learning.Tips on How to put out a sober recognition strive1. tape tuitions guardedlyCollege finish every(prenominal) last(predicate)t buzz off a uncouth social occasion for you. You office truly cast overcome the tincture of doing the comparable thing all over and over the like say the same(p) scruple for the nth pickingss of clips. No function how similar college applications atomic number 18, you grant to pick out and extrapolate the oper ating instructions well. If you deprivation to put down on a unsloped school for college with a learnedness, eachthing clamss with variation and comprehending the instructions.2. take shape your thoughts later(prenominal)(prenominal) discip broth the instructions, its metre to line up your thoughts to understand an in effect(p) search that exit labour you that wisdom. en spate for turn out samples on the net profit or in books. turn in a furcate of discipline from resources that volitioning armed service you study in the content of your probe. It is sticky to hold out paper an lowlifevass, and with nonionised ideas, you crapper do it efficiently and effectively.3. patch up an schemeWhen you compact a normal idea of the search contents, you tail in a flash off an sketch of circumstanceized expound that bequeath be implicate in your composition. strain examples normally be prevalent ideas down to the specific. Having an analysi s is very facilitative to curb your analyse consistent and centre on a pieceicular radical.4. debate every topic ground on the instruction gainful prudence to inside in doion or instructions is truly leave-taking of nominate-up the probe for a scholarship application. discover positive(predicate) that every topic asked in the strain questions is discussed in the full composition. esteem that you just set out angiotensin-converting enzyme kick downstairs of committal to indite an examine that leave behind present a unrelenting consequence on your college application.5. routine simplistic manner of turn toing format and be for certain your grammar is sodding(a)Do non provide to expunge sympathizeers of your leaven. dismantle if you atomic number 18 in college, you be non pass judgment to pulmonary tuberculosis hoity-toity words, but rather make your sentences innocent and clear. No matter how technological your verbiage is but in adequate people grammar is an sign of a cheating(a) assay.6. forfend hyperbolize intimately your achievementsAlthough it is grand that you hold your achievements as this allow for protagonist your scholarship application, except you only requisite to do this if you atomic number 18 asked to do so. annul bragging, instead, twaddle approximately your achievements simply. It is also sober to include the lessons you mystify well-read in gaining much(prenominal) success.7. pick up soulfulness hack and turn back your dallyTo crack that you atomic number 18 submitting an establish that will get you the scholarship, occupy an sound occlusive your work. An editor program or a precedent prof freighter avail you correct and clear how sensitive or poor your strive is. hear writing jump separate inletThe first split up is indwelling in capturing the help of your readers.It is called an universe as it gives an overview of what your essay is all about . The first split up should be similar to an some Me part of a class period material. feign it as honest as affirmable and dynamically attached to your adjoining blockage. instant split up beta expandThe certify split should retain your introduction. This section includes more than expound and ordinarily the start of involvement for every point or question. grade for example, responsibility reasons wherefore you should shift for the scholarship cite your accomplishments wherefore are you choosing a circumstance operate and the like. triad carve up next GoalsThe triplet dissever should speak of your succeeding(a) goals and your vision after engage a college degree. Goals meet to be specific, and should gleam an exertion design after your college graduation. fourth paragraph The outgo aspect shutting your essay by stating reasons wherefore you are the scoop prospect to be elect for the scholarship. introduce both to trine important poi nts from the previous paragraphs. Do not occlude to pedigree your penchant for the readers of your essay for taking the time to read your essay. constitution your ideas and pose them in writing is neer easy. It can be nerve-racking and puts on a plenty of pressure, curiously when your proximo depends on this essay for a scholarship grant. in that respect are umteen essay examples you can pay back on the clear today.

Agriculture in Scandinavia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Agriculture in Scandinavia - Essay ExampleAgriculture in Scandinavia and the rest of Europe is known to confound arrived from South West Asia in pre-historic multiplication in the form of foreign colonists and their domesticated animals, seeds, and potted plants.Study of transmutation in Southern Scandinavia became easier and more exciting as the region proved to be a laboratory of human prehistory.There are evidences that the early cultures in Middle East around 8000 BC manipulationd wild cereals for food which led to cultivated wheat, use of pottery With the fantastic archeological sources and research combined with impressive chronology, Northern Europe, Denmark and southern Scandinavia are a mine of anthropological information directly. Study of transition in Southern Scandinavia became easier and more exciting as the region proved to be a laboratory of human prehistory. There are evidences that the early cultures in Middle East around 8000 BC used wild cereals for food which led to cultivated wheat, use of pottery, grains, and this is believed to have spread farming across neolithic Europe.It is also argued that the farming revolution reached Scandinavia only around 4000 or 3800 BC, according to pottery and winding coils of clay found in the region. This assumption and belief that lasted on the whole these years has been questioned by recent anthropologists, who claim that the farming was not borrowed, but was indigenized and Price is one among them. Given current archaeological and anthropological evidence, the consensus among Scandinavian archaeologists today is that the introduction of agriculture was largely the result of indigenous adoption (Price). World agriculture itself is as recent as around 10,000 years. Around 25,000 BC, hunter storage battery communities ventured beyond the arctic circle into Russia and Siberia. This area was colonized by humans only after the retreat of Pleistocene ice around 14,000 years ago. The light upon events of human history, pertaining to the development of agriculture, include stone tools of 7500 BC, copper and painted pottery of 4500 BC, carved rock faces of Nor steering with animal subjects of 4000 BC, Ertebelle culture with pointed-bottomed pots and oval bowls. Also, complex wickerwork of 3600 BC, passage tombs, dolmens of megalith, stone blocks of 3500-2500 BC that show organized endeavors, hand formed decorated pottery and year-round settlements of 2800 BC, artisan work of 2500-2000 BC and the burial mounds of elite households of 2200-1600 BC etc. The forest farmers initially seem to have ventured into agriculture and livestock husbandry, which has been evidenced in Central Sweden, South Norway where the Pitted Ware (hunter-gatherer with some agriculture) started and believed to have spread into southern Sweden and parts of Denmark from 5,900 BC onwards. From 4,800 BC onwards, Late Neolithic Farmers and Stock Herders appeared on the scene combined with Corded Ware tradition, markin g the changes in agricultural societies of Scandinavia with small, rather isolated settlements of indefinable groups of agriculturists. From 4,500 BC onwards, independent agriculture started and 3,800 BC onwards the Bronze Age dawned in Norway and Sweden, giving way to technologically advanced agricultural tools. Eastern Europe seems to have continued with part time farming supported by seasonal dwelling practices and a hunters way of life for a long time. The Linearbandkeramic farming culture spread across Central Europe, but agricultural foodstuffs were introduced in the late Mesolithic and the delay is attributed to well-off fishing and hunting which avoided the dire need for agricultural products. Later, there is an abundance proof to show that differentiation in status, class and trade held sway oer agriculture in these parts as the burial mounds show. Even though Price agrees with most of the above arguments, some of his claims are rather unprecedented. He says by middle Neol ithic period, wheat was 96% of the cereals and barley was 22% at later Funnelbeaker sites. In this period, cattle were becoming indispensable representing 80% of the animal husbandry. engine room was slowly being introduced into the agriculture, pottery and weapons. The common anthropological background of the dualist society tradition, as it originates from Durkheimian sociology, is mirrored in the separation of peasant society from tribal

Air Canada Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Air Canada Organizational Behaviour - Essay ExampleThese values set as touchstones to guide our actions (Mission, vision & values). This paper discusses the team system of Air Canada. Before evaluating the team system of Air Canada, it is customary to have a brief insight into the types of teams and the process of radical formation. Teams ar of various types that include but are not limited to permanent teams, temporary teams, assess forces, committals, and self-managed teams (Types of Teams). These teams disaccord from one another depending upon the roles and responsibilities of the team members and the teams life. Permanent team, as the name indicates, is not formed for a particular time. It stays as such even after the task has been accomplished. On the other hand, temporary teams are formed for a certain length of time, and get dissolved after the task has been accomplished. Task force is a kind of team that is developed as per the need of the hour. Organizations tend to fo rm task force to accomplish special tasks. They are commonly employed to find solutions to very complicated problems. Committees are also assigned particular tasks and they may be temporary or permanent. Members of a committee normally share similar views, opinions and attitudes. Self-managed teams differ from other teams in that there is no attraction. People decide upon matters through mutual consensus. Bruce Tuckman has proposed a five staged-model of group formation. The five stages are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning (Neil). In the stage of forming, group members unite and interact with one another. In the storming stage, groups problems are identified and a leader is chosen. In the norming stage, members remove their individualistic differences and agree upon common goals. In the performing stage, group members practice crafts to achieve their common goals identified in the previous stage. In the adjourning stage, group members start departing causing t he group to disperse. Air Canada has traditionally provided its workforce with full support to achieve their best potential while working in teams. Air Canada places a lot of emphasis on providing both its customers and employees with safety. Although there is no obvious relation between safety and teamwork, yet safety plays a fundamental role in the development of teamwork.

Forum7 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forum7 - Article ExampleTo sum up, if information technology is used for intended purposes, e.g. to aid work process, and promote quality of service, government may enjoy it to the fullest.Sure This is a fact and is happening in the field. Although IT has been useful in making work precise, meteoric and presentable, some elements have been compromised. For instance, the integrity of the information relayed has been transformed to suit that suit the occasion. In most organization, they are tempted to overuse the services and end up outlay too much time that could otherwise be spent wisely. In fact, information is transmitted without the conscience of the quality of the message. At the end, the organization may fling off a lot of resources which cannot be accounted. In the same manner, most people have realized the gap that exists between organizations and the dynamics in IT field. They do misleading work to increase chances of recurrent breakdowns or updates. Organizations adopti ng any form of technology should plan well how it should

How to prepare yourself for the examination Assignment

How to prep be yourself for the examination - Assignment Example3-330 P.M.Be extraneousBe freshBe freshBe freshBe freshBe freshBe fresh330 to 600 P.M.Human systemsHuman systemsHuman systemsHuman systemsHuman systemsHuman systemsHuman systems6-8 P.M.Snacks/Roam egressSnacks/Roam turn upSnacks/Roam outSnacks/Roam outSnacks/Roam outSnacks/Roam outSnacks/Roam out8-10 P.M.strong-arm sciencePhysical sciencePhysical sciencePhysical sciencePhysical sciencePhysical sciencePhysical science10-1130 P.M.MathsMathsMathsMathsMathsMathsMaths1130 -1 A.M.Dinner & othersDinner & othersDinner & othersDinner & othersDinner & othersDinner & othersDinner & othersRest of time catch some ZsSleepSleepSleepSleepSleepSleepAmount of time for revisionYou certainly need not to be worried about the revision. The time schedule in the above put off itself will bedevil you the excellent record. But, finish all your exercise within two months time.Using old text fileThats really an excellent idea. It will give yo u unfastened picture of examination. But use these papers during your revision process. When you are revising all your exercises be ready with the old papers and welcome out where you are getting the difficulty to answer the question. If needed, go through those sections again and again carefully. Have a good look at all these papers and find out which sections are regularly asked. Emphasize those sections more during your revision phase. Checking time to answer the questionThis is of course a stupid question to answer, because it depends on various factors. Some of those may be your grasping power, ability to answer the question quickly and correctly, picking which question to answer first and the most of the essence(predicate) is your knowledge. If you know everything, I am good-tempered sure you will be answering all questions before time.... How to prepare yourself for the examination?Before you start the downstairs discussed strategy make sure that you are concentrate enou gh to carry on your scheduled task properly, make excellent study environment in your room, try to stick with table and chair and have a table lamp (If you can manage) for good concentration to your studies.Thats really an excellent idea. It will give you clear picture of examination. But use these papers during your revision process. When you are revising all your exercises be ready with the old papers and find out where you are getting the difficulty to answer the question. If needed, go through those sections again and again carefully. Have a good look at all these papers and find out which sections are regularly asked. Emphasize those sections more during your revision phase.This is of course a stupid question to answer, because it depends on various factors. Some of those may be your grasping power, ability to answer the question quickly and correctly, picking which question to answer first and the most important is your knowledge. If you know everything, I am quiet sure you wi ll be answering all questions before time. So never be worried about this phase. But for your own satisfaction you mustiness check it at least once. Just lock your room, be with a watch, got to chair and start answering the questions. Now the wisest point is in picking the paper. firmness those papers which you have not tried during you revision.

Organizational Behavior Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Behavior Analysis - Term Paper ExampleIf that is true, it is logical to say that no both organizations are the same either in behavior, culture or attitude. Organizational behavior plays a vital role in determining the success and failures of mod font organizations. Globalization and liberalization have brought huge changes in organizations world. Modern organizations are working in a multicultural environment. Diverse workforce is common in most of the current organizations. Multicultural workforce would definitely have diverse communication means. alike way, strategies necessary to motivate a diverse workforce could be extremely different. Instead of intelligence quotient, emotional quotient of the employees appears to be more important in modern organizations. In short, new paradigms of OB are entering organisational world as time goes on. Apple Inc. is one of the prominent organizations in the world at present. They are the second largest in terms of market ca pitalization and also the most valuable technology company in the world at present. This paper analyses the importance of culture, communication, motivational techniques, emotional quotient and new paradigms in supreme the behavior of modern organizations, by taking Apple Inc. as the example. Culture As mentioned earlier, multiculturalism is not a myth, but a fact in modern organizations. ... When people from different cultures are working in the same organization, human resource managers may face lot of problems. The success of the organization lies in how hygienic the HR managers solve such problems. For example, Muslims always like to have weekly off on Fridays whereas Christians like to have that on Sundays. These kind of contrasting interests or beliefs often cause problems to the HR managers. Even in the same culture, different subcultures often exist. For example, Roman Catholics and Protestants are two of the prominent communities in the Christian culture. Same way, Shia, Sunnis Kurds and Arabs are the subcultures in Islamic culture. The behavior, rituals, and customs of these subcultures are often different. Some cultures put more emphasis on universal commitments (like honesty) while others put more weight on loyalty to particular people and relationships (Ghemawat and Reiche, 2011, p.2). For example, people from some cultures are ready to tell in time lies to save the interests of their companion. Such people places the nourish of relationships much above than anything else in this world. At the same time there are plenty of people who are not ready to tell lies even when their friends need their support badly. In short, modern organizations are operating based on the principles of pluralism and dualism and hence the salad bowl theory is extremely relevant to the modern organizations. As everybody knows, salad in a bowl consists of different vegetables and fruits. In other words, salads integrate the tastes of different vegetables and fruits and give eaters a unique taste. The taste of a salad is the sum issue forth of the tastes of the individual components in it. It should be noted that the

What are the most important differences between rationalists and Term Paper

What argon the most important differences between rationalists and empiricists(Site specific philosophers in each(prenominal) group) - Term Paper ExampleIt is known that rationalists and empiricists give different answers to the above-mentioned questions. Such rationalists as Des Cartes stated that one always describes the highest truth by means of logic and reason. One should not apply subjective or direct experience to do that. As for empiricists point of view, experience is genuinely important as it is the basis of ones development of logic. Once Isaac Asimov uttered that I prefer rationalism to atheism. The question of God and other objects-of-faith ar outside reason and play no part in rationalism, thus you do not have to waste your time in either assail or defending (Lacewing, 65). This statement demonstrates that for Asimov it was better and more convenient to use rationalism than empiricism.As for empiricism, it teaches that one should not try learning more astir(predica te) God with the help of reason. This school recommends using two projects instead of that. They are critical and constructive. The first one focuses on the elimination of what is known by metaphysicians. The bite pays attention to the commentaries of religious texts.A strong point of empiricism is that people are able quickly understand the sources of information/knowledge. In the majority of cases it is standard with the help of the senses. It is a casual process. Experience helps to form ones concepts. When the latter are gained, their understanding gives to the individual analytic knowledge.Thus, John Locke is sure that totally ideas are derived from sense experience. The principal is a tabula rasa, empty at birth. He begins his argument by attacking the opposite point of view that some ideas are not derived from sense experience, but are innate. By innate idea Locke means a concept or proposition which is part of the mind from birth. For an idea to be part of the mind, the

The Arranged Marriage or Love Marriage Research Paper

The Arranged Marriage or Love Marriage - Research Paper eventLove and arranged marriages can take different forms including polygamy which is a form of marriage where a man marries more than one woman or a woman getting married to more than one man. However, in 1862, Abraham Lincoln made polygamy a criminal offence in the United States as rise up as persons who were in such relationships were innumerable (Batabyal and Beladi, 2002). Nonetheless, thither was a belief that an individual must have had more than one partner so they could go to heaven. Polygyny is a marriage with more than one partner at the equal time and polyandry is a woman who (Applbaum, 1995) marries more than one man at the same time (Gupta, 1976). Endogamy is marriage to several wives or husbands from the same family, community, tribe, or social group.Since the advent of marriage, marriage scenarios have immensely changed across different cultures and societies across the world. Women have since been given equ al marriage right has men. During the medieval period, women were faced full responsibility of their marriages and religion. On numerous occasions, marriages have been significantly pegged on other several reasons other than love. In some cases, economic liaison was taken to be the main reason behind marriages. In most cases, there were share as well as proxy marriages. In the case of dowry marriages, bride and his family are expected to pay dowry to the family of the groom. The dowry may be in the form of money or present (Applbaum, 1995). However, there some cultures that requires the grooms family to pay dowry to the bride. Significantly, few marriages in the world require each sort of courtship or dating. Despite differences in nature and types of marriages, the culture of espousal ring is a universal customary in marriage. The use of engagement ring can be traced back from the ancient Roman. There was a belief that the roundness of the ring represented the concept of an eter nal relationship (Gupta, 1976). Addition in ally, there is a belief that the ring and the adorn finger ring directly connects the nerves and the heart. Marriage is considered a secret bond, as opposed to physical connectivity (Allendorf and Ghimire, 2012). Notably, canonize Paul once compared the marriage relationship to the relationship between Christ and the Church. Arranged marriage This marriage can be traced from the aristocratic and royal families all over the world. Currently, arranged marriages are largely practiced in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa, and south Asia (Cherlin, 2004). In the south Asia, arranged marriages are common in nations including India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Moreover, the practise is also found between the Hasidic Judaism and the Unification Church. Arranged marriage should never be confused with the forced marriage (Gupta, 1976). Arranged

Preschool Observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Preschool Observation - Essay ExampleSince, this is the age when the kids are away from the parents probably for the first snip especially from their mothers, it required more watchfulness of the appriseer than any other class. The busy of the kids also varies some may like a particular activity while the others do non, it becomes imperative to mention the interests of the kids of this level by the teacher. The teacher was intended to create trust in the children so that they confide on her and feel free to grasp from her teaching. The teacher was friendlier and convoluted herself with the kids to perform activities and at the same time she was explaining these activities with the help of stories and rhymes. Some of the kids could follow the teachers instructions while others were non able to understand anything and were crying all the time asking for the mother. The teacher was forced to take more care of such kids and helped them with chocolates or any toys of their interes t. Some kids felt hungry and they asked for food and teacher had to vindicated their lunch boxes for them to provide them their favorite stuff to eat while others were not intending to eat. This was creating a bit of chaos in the classroom and was becoming difficult for the teacher to manage out well with the kids of this age group. The teacher was intentional to keep the children engaged but was not able to differentiate the instructions and therefore could not keep the children engaged as otherwise she could have with a planned work.Teaching/Instructional ProcessA proper planning is vital to teach and handle these young budding minds. It is the formative years of their lives and therefore it is imperative to make them learn under discipline. The prime responsibility of the teacher is to create interest and also at the same time understand the psychology of the child, his/her likings and disliking and also the interest of each and every child. If this is through with(p) then half of the job is done for the teacher. In order to minimize the chaos there has to be a proper training to differentiate between eating and playing/ activities timings. When the child is not taking more interest the teacher should have involved the child making him/her sit near her and do the work or if the child necessarily help the teacher should provide help to the child in making the blocks arranging the pictures in a particular order and solving the puzzles and the teacher should be a constant source of encouragement to the child if he/she does even the minor things, this was lacking in the class and therefore there was so much chaos and the teacher was not able to handle them well.Kids need to eat and drink water quite often so after the accomplishment of a particular task they should be appreciated and when all have finished their task then they should be allowed to eat. This practice go forth make them be check and will eat only at the time of eating rather than creating t he chaos as some are eating while others are not. This will help the teacher also to manage the kids well and also to keep the kids engaged in one particular directed activity.When the teacher was playing with the kids, e.g. abject in a circle then at that time the teacher was saying round and round kids rather she could have taught them rhyme ring-a-ring roses.. this rhyme is enjoyed by the kids and will help them learning during fun.The teacher was simply telling story to the kids rather she could

Analytical response to a poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analytical response to a poem - Essay ExampleThe poet is successful in creating the nightmarish situation before the readers through the careful selection of images, symbols, allegories, diction, etc. and thereupon to indicate the situation of the world he lives in. Things fall apart the centre cannot bond / Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, / The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere / The ceremony of innocence is drowned (Yeats, lines 3-6) According to the speaker of the poem, the best people in the world lack all conviction, whereas the surpass are full of passionate intensity. Therefore, a reflective analysis of the poem The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats, it becomes lucid that the poet employs acid imagery, powerful language, and unbendable symbolism in order to warn readers of a world in a chaotic downfall and the approach of the birth of an antichrist in a crude two thousand year cycle. This paper undertakes a profound investigation of the use of imagery , symbolism, and poetic language in the poem The Second Coming in order to determine the main themes as well as aesthetic characteristics of the poem.The poem The Second Coming by WB Yeats belongs to the Modernist poetry and the poet has been effective in incorporating the various poetic techniques of the Modernist poetry. ... Turning / and turn / ing in / the widen / ing gyre // The fal / con can / not hear / the fal / c oner (Yeats, lines 1-2) Significantly, the rhymes of the poem are haphazard to a fault and there are only coincidental rhymes in the poem, such as man and sun, apart from the two opening couplets of the poem. Thus, the major rhymes of the poem entangle gyre and falconer, hold and world, and man and sun. The poem is written in two stanzas - the first one with eight lines and the second one with sixteen lines. In a reflective analysis of the imagery used by the poet in The Second Coming, one recognizes that Yeats begins his prophetic poem with harsh and dark imager y which effectively conveys the message of the poet. The opening image of the widening gyre which suggests the historical movement or trend started at the birth of Jesus messiah is figured as a falcons towering and the images such as falcon, falconer, Mere anarchyloosed upon the world etc indicates the kind of world that the poet lives in. Similarly, other images like blood-dimmed tide, ceremony of innocence, passionate intensity, the Second Coming, vast image out of Spiritus Mundi, shape with lion soundbox and the head of a man, indignant desert birds, stony sleep, rocking cradle, etc help the author in effectively conveying his points. Therefore, the stunning, violent, harsh and dark imagery used in the poem makes it greatly appealing to the readers and the author efficiently communicates to the readers through these images. The use of strong and convincing symbolism has made significant contribution to the success of The Second Coming which is Yeats about

Stragegic management of human resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Stragegic precaution of human resources - Essay ExampleA customised version of Integrated steering Process (IMP) used by SAB to set the ball rolling relies on the same set of principles, techniques and practices as the case study demonstrates.Evidently, performance depends not but on hard and attenuating work of the personnel, but also on such essential characteristics as competence and ability to learn and develop. Despite the visible simplicity, the business of effective training and development of employees faced by SAB during the attempt to solidify and further reinforce their market positions was exceptionally complex. A failure to properly, effectively and unendingly train and educate the human resources in the right areas of the business, at the right time and at the right cost would have inevitably result in serious inefficiencies, considerable operational difficulties and heretofore collapse of the organisation (Buckle & Caple, 2004).In order to evaluate the programme implemented by SAB one must be aware of the basic hypothetic principles an effective programme must rely upon. An effective SHRD programme should be built around three basic theoretical concepts organizational development change leadership development individual, group and organizational acquirement (Reid, Barrington & Brown, 2004). Although IMP focuses primarily on business planning, communication and performance management processes, the key element of the companys transformation was apparently learning since new skills and attitudes were required. In the past, learning focused primarily on individuals people worked in large bureaucracies or assembly lines and, consequently, the goal of learning under such circumstances was training of the skills required for their functioning. However, since approximately three decades ago, the focus of learning in organisations began to shift from individuals to groups, and, what was even more important, the meaning underlying the constructs l earning, training and development transformed dramatically. Scholars started conceiving these constructs as continuous rather than occasional while the purpose and the process of learning were also reformulated and recognised as vital for effective organizational performance (Harrison, 2005). Such continuous perception of learning as the key element of business transformation was probably the main(prenominal) factor of SABs success heavy investments in learning and development to support change turned systematic rather than being occasional. The systematic approach toward training, learning and development of employees emphasises such crucial element of the process as continuity while the earlier perspectives often viewed the process as linear and discrete with understandably defined beginning and end (Armstrong, 1996). Systematic approach to organizational development implies clearly identification of what employees should know and how they should act to be effective at a particul ar job it also ensures that employees are adequately prepared in terms of the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to fulfil their responsibilities (Kenney & Reid, 1994). Such systematic strategy implemented by SAB helped managers and supervisors get

Fast profits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fast profits - Essay ExampleSince the release of the Jungle, the public responded to the outcry of the tonics portrayal of the sum total industrys unhealthy practice of selling rotten and diseased meat to unsuspecting and unknowing customers. The foundrid meat is masked by shiny, attractive surfaces of the can, thus enabling the customer to be deceived that the meat he is buying is safe and nutritious. Because of this, President Theodore Roosevelt was pressured to pass the Pure diet and Drug Act of 1906, despite being kept in storage in 1902 and again in 1905. The Beef Inspection Act was also passed in order to have a standard inspection scheme, away from bribery and corruption in the meat packing industry. With these precautionary measures, there is no dubiousness that the American plurality regard meat as an essential part of human consumption. And without proper sanitary and packaging regulations, American health is endangered.The book has non only inspired the American publ ic in becoming critical and well-aware of what they eat, it has also triggered the term consumerism up to the time being. The consumerism attitude entails being critical of crop labeling, not only for meat but as well as for new(prenominal) products. Furthermore, it has also set standard requirement for all food manufacturers to put nutrition facts, wherein the label includes the nutrients that an individual would get from consuming the product, and public safety precautions, particularly for those products that may inflict possible hazards in particular scenarios.On the other hand, there has been a rapidly emerging movement of vegetarianism for the last century. Throughout the years since the inception of the book, there have been a growing number of people who have suffered from heart attack, heart by-pass, stroke, high blood pressure, and other debilitating diseases related to excess meat consumption. The growing number of obese Americans has also been

Pre Maritial Genetic Screening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pre Maritial Genetic Screening - Essay ExampleGenetic unsoundnesss will occur when there is an alteration in the DNA and it is well cognise that substances present in smoke, tobacco or radiation from the sun can easily alter the materials in the cells. Inherited diseases ar usually caused by mutated agents which are inherited by an individual from either of the parents and in the thousands of genes we possess in our cells, the faulty gene might just be unitary of the thousands (Commmittee on topic Ethics 218).Since the transmissible diseases vary greatly there are several different methods that can be applied based on the type of the disease? There are four types of genetic disorders found to exist these are single gene, multifactorial, chromosomal and mitochondrial. A gene can be mapped as one of the methods to deal with the conditions. The genes position within the chromosomes can be determined by mapping either physically or genetically (Schork N. 103) With the position est ablished, then it becomes realizable to tell of either possible links between the genes. Gene testing is another simple way to determine whether the person contains the genes that cause genetic disorders. A chemical method known as gene splicing can be used which involves the cutting out part of the DNA in the gene and replacing it with a new piece. Alternatively genes can also be silenced by geneticists to prevent harmful effects of the gene (Ishak 273-286).Premarital genetic screening first of all is very important for couples as it will help them determine their compatibility. This testing will provide the couples to determine the presence of any genetic disease, strategize on the management measures and seek treatment for the same (Zi 637-638). By undergoing this test the designate couple will be well informed about(predicate) their predisposition to certain diseases and the odds of their passing on those diseases to their unborn children. If the couple is expecting a baby, then proper utilization of genetic screening will allow

Cyber Crime Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Cyber Crime - Literature review ExampleHowever, these technologies represent significant costs for communication companies, and ultimately, the usual public. With more businesses coming to depend on computers and internet-based systems, attacks on these systems bewilder increased. Such attacks turn out been considered crimes which covers the application of computer networks, alongside financial scams, hacking, virus attacks, phishing, cyber stalking, and pornography (Li, et al. 2012). In 2000 for instance, the ILOVEYOU virus caused billions of dollars in damage to different computers and companies all over the world (Mishra and Pajrapati, 2013). It was later discovered that two Filipinos were responsible for the creation of the virus. However, since the Philippines, at that time, did not have any cybercrime laws which would have held the perpetrators accountable, the perpetrators were later released (Mishra and Pajrapati, 2013). Regardless of the presence or absence of cybercrime laws however, the apprehension and prosecution of perpetrators have been made difficult by the nature of the offence, including the complications link to the cyber security awareness and cyber incident reporting (McGuire and Dowling, 2013 KPMG, 2011). This paper shall carry out a literature review of cybercrimes, cyber security awareness, including cyber incident reporting. Related details shall push to the usual cybercrimes which have gained notoriety and in general, government actions related to cybercrimes, and the challenges presented by cybercrimes and cyber security.According to Gercke (2012) cybercrimes are also considered in relation to computer crimes. Different perspectives have been considered to develop a more encompassing definition and understanding of cybercrimes and computer crimes (Gercke, 2012). Cybercrimes nevertheless have a more specific focus than computer-related crimes, especially as computer-crimes only involve

Regulatory Laws and Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Regulatory Laws and Policies - Essay ExampleThrough its regulatory role, HHS has had a prodigious impact and implications on the health worry assiduity in general. Among the acts that are implemented by the HHS include The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and The tolerant Safety and Quality Improvement Act (PSQIA )of 2005 (Frimpong & Rivers, 2009). This essay gives a critical analysis and discussion on the impact of HHS on the health care industry with a special focus on the implication of the aforementioned Acts on health care and patient preventivety. Illustrations of my own working experience are apply to demonstrate how the regulatory framework acts to protect the needs of patients for care and privacy and security of confidential data and information. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act is a federal legislation or law which gives patients a right to control all forms of Protected Health Information (PHI). In accordance to this Act, PHI represends Individually diagnosable Health Information (IIHI) which is acquired from the patient and stored within the health facility (Furrow, 2011). This also includes all information which related the condition of the patient whether in the past, current or future. This means that before a health care provider accesses, retrieves and uses health information on patients, the provisions of the Act must be given out-of-pocket consideration (Frimpong & Rivers, 2009). In this sense, it is argued that the HIPAA through the implementation of the HHS affects the manner in which hospitals and health care providers and record managers handle patient information. For example in a warhorses affairs hospital where I work, it is mandatory that a patient signs for the release of information before it can be received or sent for specific purposes. This example demonstrates that the regulatory framework of the HHS make up ones minds the policies and procedures that health sy stems design for the management of information. Health systems and professionals are mandated to adhere to the provisions of the HIPPA. Therefore the right of patients to protect and define the retrieval, use and dissemination of data on them must be respected by care professional. The management of hospitals must also ensure that health care professional adheres to these regulations as provided by the legal system. Among the entities that are covered by the HIPAA include health care providers who are involved in the retrieval, use and transmittal of electronic formats of health care information (Hoffman, 2007). Because of this, the HIPPA is said to have a significant effect on the health care industry especially in the transmission of electronic records on patients (Radin, 2010). This Act has become more important within the contemporary health care information management systems which are characterized with an change magnitude implementation and use of information and communicat ion technologies. Health care organizations such as hospitals are mandated to put measures that ensure that electronic health information is safe from unauthorized access and use (Liang & Mackey, 2011). Within the veterans affairs hospital where I work, it is a must for all information with private enlarge on the patient such as name to be encrypted before it is sent. This measure or policy was adopted by the hospital to ensure friendship to the HIPPA. Moreover, the insecurities which characterize the modern information systems such as hacking makes it necessary

Stand By Me Story Essay Example for Free

Stand By Me Story EssayStand By Me is the bosh of quartette twelve year olds living in a small town in the year 1959, whose lives were changed by a chance adventure that they embarked on at the end of an indolent summer. The four boys were Gordie Lachance, Chris Chambers Teddy Duchamp, and Vern Tessio. The boys had their own tree menage with its special club rules, including a secret knock, and spent their quantify in meaningless arguments, playing games, or just hanging out. Although on the surface they are typical pre-adolescent boys, you soon find out that underneath their normal bluster and enthusiasm, each of them have problems at home to deal with. Gordies older brother Denny was recently killed in an auto accident, and his parents have not handled it well. They mope around their house and continually ask Gordie (who is an aspiring writer) why he isnt more like his brother, who was a popular athlete in town. Gordies best friend, Chris, who is intelligent, brave, and the natural drawing card of the group, has an strong father, who constantly beats him, and an older brother who is a delinquent.Everyone in town figures that Chris will follow in their footsteps, so he is very much claustrophobic of what his future will be. Teddy is the son of an emotionally disturbed war veteran who has abused him all his life. In his mind Teddy cannot accept his situation, so he has created a fantasy world in which his father is an All American war hero instead of an inmate in a kind hospital. Vern is on the chubby side, somewhat uncoordinated, and is constantly the hardlyt of jokes. Verns older brother likes to push him around when he is there, and so Vern spends a fair amount of time hiding out. Yet Vern ends up being the catalyst of the story. He accidentally overhears his older brother describe the location where he is pretty sure enough that the of a sudden body of a missing boy from the town that everyone had been looking for actually lies. This gives him a chance to be important in the pecking order of the club, and he brings this data to the other boys.Intrigued by the thought of seeing a real dead body and excited at the prospect of be glide path heroes in the town for finding it, the boys decide to walk the twenty miles, which will take them two days to complete. They each tell their parents that they are spending the night at their friends house, but habituated their home situations, its not really a problem for them to take off. The journey starts off well enough, peppered with the bickering chattertypical of twelve year olds, but soon they realize how unprepared they are. No one remembered to bring along any food and they have very little money.Read more rendering of a fantasy city.This leads to their first adventure along the way as Gordie is elected to buy food at a store, but must snarf through the junkyard to do so. They end up being discovered by the junkyard owner who sics his dog on them for trespassing on his prop erty. Later they out-run a consider on a bridge, tell stories by the campfire, and have a traumatic experience with leeches when they take a shortcut through a swamp. Meanwhile, Ace Merrill leader of an older gang of town kids finds out about the location of the body from Verns older brother and decides to go find the body also, for basically the same reasons. The story comes to its climax point as the two groups square off at the site of the dead body.While Stand By Me seems to be another coming of age film, its meaning and interest really exists on two levels. The entire story is told in a series of flashbacks, narrated by the adult Gordie who is now a successful writer, and is lamenting a news clipping about the death of his childhood buddy Chris, who had succeeded in overcoming his self doubts and dysfunctional family situation to become a lawyer. Chris was killed because of the way he had lived, bravely intervening during an altercation in a restaurant, and suffering a knife w ound for his efforts. You enter the mind of the writer throughout this film, in the way that the story is told, how the flashbacks move around in time when necessary, and especially in the hilarious story within a story told by Gordie at the campfire about Lardass Hogan and the pie eating contest. While the boys characters are quite believable, well acted, and superbly cast, the cathartic revelations of the boys innermost feelings, fears, and self-doubts almost on cue show the sure hand of writer Stephen King more than a sense of total reality.

Management of the Cash Position Essay Example for Free

Management of the Cash Position EssayNot only do these managers often have difficulty in comprehending advance(a) fancying techniques, but the cash leans of their companies are usually dependent upon a few(prenominal)er customers and a blueer number of product lines than those of their larger competitors. Thus the cash flow pattern of the small firm is typically too unstable oer time and the operable data describing it too limited for reliable forecasting. The small credit line is subject to still opposite constraints, apart from those applicable to all firms, which tend to restrict the employ of even relatively simple cash wariness techniques. mild firms, for example, are normally unable to afford the division of talent available to larger companies in the form of highly educated financial managers.Many small firms, struggling hard just to remain solvent and earn a fair return, suffer further from lack of recognition that a cash management problem even exists. Once a problem is discoered the manager may lack knowledge of the methods available for a viable declaration. A solution which requires more manpower or expenditures than can be covered out of normal cash flow is Dr. Grablowsky is assistant professor and rhairman of the Department of Finance at Oid Dominion University. He has published articles in the JSBM, the Journal of Financial Education, and the Journal of Behavioral Economics. Prior to his entry into education. Dr. Grablowsky was with the Department of Cost, Planning, Systems, and Analysis at the Monsanto Co., World Head, quarters, St. Louis.typically rejected by the small business.This article will present the results of a survey of small-business cashmanagement practices and compare these methods with techniques commonly employed by larger corporations. Small businesses are defined in this study as firms with annual sales under $5 million. Data for this study were collected by means of a institutionalize questionnaire distribut ed to two c firms selected randomly, within the various business classifications, from classified advertisements appearing in the telephone directories of the Greater Norfolk-Portsmouth SMSA and theHampton-Newport News SMSA. The firms were selected in five different statistical distribution levels, with annual sales varying from under $50,000 up to $5 million.The firms in the survey operated at from one to thirteen locations and employed up to three hundred persons, although more than fractional had fewer than ten employees. Of the two hundred businesses selected for study, 66, or 30 pct, responded. A breakdown of the respondent firms by industry and surface is attached in Table 1. The Cash BudgetIt was hypothesized that few of the firms with sales under a million dollars would prepare cash budgets in fact, only 30 percent of all firms in the sample did so. Several interesting relationships were noned in this regard. One was that the newer firms 1 For an example of this situati on see B. J. Grablowsky, Management of Accounts Receivable by Small Businesses, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 14, No. 4, October, 1976, pp. 26-27. 5 According to E. Donaldson, J. Pfahl, and P. MuUins, Corporate Finance (New York The Ronald Press Co., 1975), pp. 22-23, this would include, based on average sales per company, over 86 percent of all firms in the U,S. budgets, the larger ones updated their budgets more frequently than the others. One of the reasons for the more frequent update was that none of the largest firms made more than a thirtyday cash forecast while the smaller ones normally made budgets for up to a year.This last finding is in agreement with the results of other studies showing that few firms withsales under $3 million make sales forecasts, whereas virtually all firms with sales over $10 million prepare one or more projections for various planning periods. As the firm grows, cash budgeting becomes more essential. Of the firms that prepared cash budg ets, an annual planning period was the most common, although some alike used weekly, monthly and quarterly budgets. No company made a cash budget for more than one year. The frequency of updating the budgets was well distributed over weekly, semimonthly, monthly, quarterly, and annual intervals.Another question asked whether or not the firms cash balances were being handled in the most effective and efficient manner. Of the 67 firms sampled, forty-eight replied that they felt they were expeditiously utilizing their cash balances, but, of these, only eleven regularly prepared cash budgets. The assumption by the 37 firms that did not prepare cash budgets that they were efficient in the use of their cash balances is certainly made in ignorance. Conversely, of the remaining 56 firms that did not preoare cash budgets twenty-three replied, and probably rightly so, that they were not using their cash balances in the most 3 See Orgler. Cash Management, pp. 4-13, for a discusFion of factors affecting the time horizon for cash budgets. Aso see Keith Smith. Management of Working Capital (St. Paul, Minn. West issue Co., 1974), pp. 35-49, for a survey of the practices of large businesses. Soldofsky and Olive, Financial Management, p. 559. were more likely to prepare budgets than their longer-established competitors.A possible explanation lies in the higher educational attainments of the owner-managers of the newer firms. This characteristic, together with the attitudes of the owners toward budgeting, is believed to be a major determinant of the efficiency with which financial planning is handled in the small firm. The dta also showed that, somewhat contrary to expectations, in the size categories which included the largest and the smallest firms (i.e., those with less than $50,000 and those with between $1million and $5 million in sales) a smaller percentage prepared cash budgets than in the other groups.This result was expected for the smallest firms but quite unexpect ed for large ones. On the other hand, of the firms that prepared casheffective manner. This realization alone should have provided nerve impulse to the managements concerned to investigate the deprivation and advantages for cash budgetingyet they still failed to prepare the budgets which could have improved their cash flow performance. The managers of these firms recognized that they had a problemthe need for more efficient cash managementyet they failed to take the proper steps to solve it. These same firms tended to take fewer of their allowed trade discounts than others, suggesting that because they did not forecast cash flows they found it necessary to resort to expensive sources of financing such as foregoing discounts. Cash Collectionactions that they could take themselves.Although only about half of the respondents had even heard of lock boxes or concentration banking, more than one-third did use one or both of these methods for reducing float time. Generally, the responden ts reasoned that they could not justify expending the time and money required to reduce float, because such action would not (in their opinion) materially improve the cash position or the moolah of the firm. As with many other decisions confronting small businesses, this one was usually made with inadequate information or investigation. The principal reason, again, was the lack of human resources and expertise available to the small firm. Wholesalers, because of the regional or national nature of their sales, were the most frequent users of these techniques. Businesses with a local sales orientation, such as service establishments and retail stores, were oftentimes less likely to use any method to improve cash collections.

Factory Farming is cruel to animals Essay Example for Free

Factory Farming is cruel to animals EssayIt is so terrible that most Americans atomic number 18 so caring of the animals they keep as pets, and yet are so unconcerned about the upbringing or disposition of the ones they bring in for dinner. It is amazing how some Americans see themselves as sympathizing folks and animal delight inrs until they reflect on what they just ate. Society loves animals as pets, adopts them as extensions of their families, sp cease ridiculous amounts of coin on them, and mourn their deaths. How is it that these same Americans are so indifferent towards the ones they cook for dinner (Arora, 2013)? Factory proves dominate U. S. food production, employing practices that firmly deprave animals, puts an enormous gillyflower on our natural resources, and scourgeens the Nations wellness.Factory farms will cheap meat that is more affordable to more people, utilizes less real-estate, creates the avenue for more commonwealth jobs to stay in the U.S, an d allows cheap fast food to exist. These are really great advantages of the factory domain manufacturing, scarcely come at a dangerous cost. Factory farming puts an enormous store on our natural resources. According to a report in Farmsanctuary (2013), the factory farming industry puts incredible strain on our natural resources. The extreme amount of swash created by raising so many animals in one place bemires our land, air, and water (para. 2).Unmanaged and untreated waste that accumulates from combined animal operations is contributing to emissions that are rapidly warming the planet, creating water pollution, and dead zones in our oceans and lakes. The milieus in which these animals are confined are severely contaminated and present a significant source for increased infection in their animals, especially poultry, their by-products andeventually humans (OBrien, 2001).The preservation of our natural resources is important to our survival. If the aggregation of waste and byproducts are allowed to move on due to substandard practices of factory farming industries, our natural resources will compensate to diminish. This depletion will inevitably contribute to or provide a catalyst for other problems manage issues with our health. When it comes to our health, Americans are very concerned. They may turn a blind eye to the environmental fall-out cause by Factory farming, but they will raise their concerns about the health risks. Diseases resembling Salmonella, Mad cow, and breathing problems like asthma are increased because of the effects of factory farming on our natural resources.There is also an increase of antibiotic-resistant diseases being identified due to the substandard their practices. In the report from Farmsanctuary (2013), Residents of rural communities surrounding factory farms report utmost incidents of illness, and their property values are often lowered by their proximity to industrial farms. To counteract the health challenges pr esented by overcrowded, stressful, unsanitary living conditions, antibiotics are used extensively on factory farms, which can create drug-resistant bacteria and put human health at risk (para. 3).The consistent contact of factory farmed animals with these health hazards, combined with the abuse of antibiotics and growth hormones, as well as other drugs to boost productivity, greatly increases the possibility of infection and disease in its consumers. The byproducts created by theses practices pollute our drinking water and the land that these same farmers plant crops, further exasperating farming conditions by producing unhealthy crops that increase the health risk of consumers. If society besides scratches the surface of life down on the factory farm, they will see that diseases like Mad Cow disease may be the tip of the iceberg. In a range of areas, from feeding regimes, to animal housing, to the use of drugs in the pursuit of productivity, human health may be threatened by facto ry farming (Obrien, 2001).The actd accumulation of waste, combined with the health risks that have become natural by products of Factory farming have become a significant threat to society. If something is not done to alleviate or significantly reduce these effects, the Nation may be on a path of self destruction by dint of overzealous production of food to satisfy consumer consumption, meet consumer demands, and boost financial statuses of farmers in the industry.The main aspect that can be immediately addressed to emend Factory farming living is the living conditions in these factories. The overcrowding of animals at these farms creates a frustrated work environment that fosters genuine abuse, which in-turn amplifies the waste and health conditions. This vicious oscillation perpetuates an issue that will inevitably lead to issues of epidemic proportion.A report by Long (2013), stated that, Chickens are crowded so tightly unitedly that they can barely turn around, never seein g daylight or eating a single blade of grass. Beef cattle are faultless in huge feedlots, standing all day in their own manure, again with no access to the fresh grass that has been their natural diet for thousands of years. (para. 1). These conditions may not sound so detrimental to some, but combined with the abuse they endure, the conditions are unbelievable and inhumane. Here are some examples given by editorial Today (2008) on animal cruelty at these farms,Cows are still being forced to be cannibalistic, as they are fed blood, bead meal, and other miscellaneous aspects of other cows (no brain matter, but most everything else).. Veal calves are crammed in pens so small that they cant pop off their limbs.. Animals are put in semi-darkness which in some cases, cause unbearable conditions (para. 7). And for the cultivation of Foie gras (a delicacy), farmers force-feed ducks and geese an unnatural amount and type of food until their livers become diseased and en swelled up t o ten times their normal, healthy size (etoday, 2008). Finally, there are everyday, routine mutilations that are being conducted all in the name of productivity. Mutilations like castration, de-beaking, de-toeing, tail docking, and others. All of which are executed without any form of anesthesia.Why has this transformation happened and is allowed to continue one may ask? Well, the answer is simply to beseem the mass meat industry and to satisfy the demand of a carnivorous society. It is the twentieth century ideology of modern economics and the assembly line, turning farm animals into number-tagged bodies to be fattened, disinfected, and processed as quickly and cheaply as possible (Arora 2013). Because of this demand, large numbers of animals are being raised in extreme confinement.They are regarded as commodities to be exploited for profit, not humane animals, able to feel pain and suffering, and possessing a soul. Factory farmed animals are bred to grow unnaturally fast and larg e for the purpose of maximizing meat, egg, and milk production for the food industry. Their bodies cannot support this growth, which results in debilitating and painful conditions and deformities (Farmsanctuary, 2013). Many in society are now acquire their voices heard as they ask the question, Isnt there a better way to produce food? If the practice of mass meat holocaust is allowed to continue at these Factory farms, there are several aspects of society that will continue to degrade. The significant contribution to diseases and natural resource depletion that taints the water, soil, and air of the external environment will perpetuate.These contaminants will continue to finds its way into human bodies as chemical pollutants (antibiotics, pharmaceuticals in the meat and our drinking water) and greatly affect other systems with consequences like birth defects and reduced life expectancy. And there is tradition. There natural passing down of tradition from generation to generation wi ll be lost.All the first-hand cognition and experience in the farming industry will silently be erased due to the limited raising, handling, basic interaction of livestock and farm animals in the modernness of the factory industry. Generations of farmers will grow up without the first-hand experience and knowledge of farming and the art will inevitably be lost. Several proactive groups and other agencies in government continue to advocate the reduction of inhumane and unhealthy practices in the factory farming industry at a vigorous rate.Yet consumers continue to manake, invest, and expand the factory farming industry. How is it possible that even after the education of the public on how animals are treated, most of us them still decide to continue the patronization of factory-farmed meat? An article in editorial today gave one answer when it stated, We might conclude that the price we make animals pay, and the price we pay in sacrificing part of our humanity, are worth the benefi ts (para. 6). Could this be true? Society is willfully to turn a blind eye to the cruelty because of the lust for meat? This raises another question, when and where does it end? How far is society will to go, and how much are they willing to sacrifice to receive fast, cheap meat? What will it take to rekindle their capacity for love and stop the abused process of obliteration? There are no easy answers to the myriad of questions.Factory farms continue to dominate U.S. food production, employing practices that severely abuse animals, putting a tremendous amount of strain on natural resources, and threatening the health of the nation with disease. However, there is one thought that has become accepted course of action amongst advocates. Consumers must eliminate or reduce the consumption of non-organic and inhumanely-raised beef, pork, chicken, meat, eggs, and dairy products, as well as farmed fish. Force Factory farmers and the meat industry to rethink their methods of production so t hat they, along with consumers, do not become the associate authors of a diseased, unsympathetic, cruel, and dying society. Mahatma Gandhi said it best, The greatness of a nation and its honorable progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Does this nation consider itself great?ReferencesARORA, N. (2013). On Eating Animals. Humanist, 73(4), 26-31. Editorial Today. (2008). Hobbies and Interests. Factory Farming Pros and Cons. Retrieved from http//www.streetdirectory.com/etoday/factory-farming-pros-and-cons-awwlc.html Farmsanctuary. (2013). Farming. Retrieved from http//www.farmsanctuary.org/ shoot/factoryfarming/Long, C. (2000, Nov). Factory farming is fouling our food. Organic Gardening, 47, 12. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/203726517?accountid=32521 OBrien, T., Adock, M., Rifkin, J., Pickard, B. M. (2001, 06). Factory farming and human health. The Ecologist, , 30-34. Retrieved from

Oral History Interview Example

Oral History Interview ExampleMrs. make My mother and father came from two different argonas of Alabama. My mother grew up on the Morrisette Plantation in Alabama. We know that my grandmother was a servant there in 1880. My grandmother had to a greater extent privileges than other servants because she take to the woodsed in the house quite a than in the fields. And she never lived in the slave quarters. When the overseer left the plantation, she and her family were allowed to move into his house. Her father was owned by one Alexander Bryant from Kentucky, and he willed his slaves to his children. From his will, we erect that my family that found its way to Alabama was worth $385. All of my great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers children were born in slavery. The curious social occasion is that even though their children were born in slavery, they werent married until 1867, afterwards the courteous War. And researching the records, we found that there were a surge of marria ges after the War, as if only indeed were they allowed to be married.Anyway, the Morrisette Plantation was where my grandmother met my grandfather. They were married in 1884 at a time when we were led to believe few saturnines ever married. When I was growing up, I knew nonhing more or less all this. Anything related to slavery, we didnt want to hear it. I dont think any mysteriouss wanted to hear anything about slavery. My mother grew up on the Morrisette Plantation and came to Birmingham when she was 21 years old. My fathers muckle came from the area near Panola, Alabama. This snow- sportingthorn shock you, tho the plantation owner had seven or eight children by two of his slave. One of those offspring, Lorenzo Dancy, was my fathers father. We assume my father was illegitimate since there are no records of any marriages there.Interviewer How was town life near Birmingham different from rural life when you were young?Mrs. cooper My father seemed to think living near Birmin gham was a great improvement over the country. He said he left the country because he detest to be told what to do and he could be more independent in the city. He constantly said that he would refuse to be treated like a boy. Ive been trying to understand my fathers rebelliousness. There were time when he would rebuke passel who said certain things to him, because he thought everything had something to do with race. Nobody could ever tell him he couldnt ticktack hold of a thing or do a thing. He carried the Bessemer Housing Authority to court in 1954 to keep them from taking his property for a housing project. No forbidding person had ever challenged the Authority. He didnt win, of course -he knew he wouldnt win. provided my father would challenge anybody.Mother moved to the Birmingham area to get away from a pretty personal situation. But lots of people moved off the land because of crop failures. The land was just worn out and the South was suffering from fearsome droug hts. People got deep into debt-debts that were unbroken on the books, even when they had actually been paid off. It was hard to challenge the records kept by the landowners. Through the twenties and thirties, many black people hoboed away from the South because they realized that on the farms the more you worked the more you owed. For myself, I was never taken to the country until I was quite a openhanded girl.Interviewer So, you would describe yourself as a small-town girl, growing up just outside Birmingham?Mrs. make Yes.Interviewer What were the houses like? The living conditions like?Mrs. Cooper They were all shotgun houses, loosely two-room places. No electricity, of course. Even after TVA Tennessee Valley Authority came to the Birmingham area, we had no electricity until my father, who could be very stubborn and hot-tempered, fought and fought until he managed to get electricity run to our house. The thing we hated most about not having electricity was that we couldnt use a radio. It wasnt until about 1940 that we got a radio.Interviewer About how large was McCulleys Quarters?Mrs. Cooper It was only about a one-block area, but it had everything we needed-a grocery store and a barber shop and a blacksmith shop.Interviewer How did a typical little girl spend the day when you were about sixer years old?Mrs. Cooper Oh, I led a sheltered life. Mother always kept me dressed in the dresses she made and I was kept close around the house. I visited neighbors and played house and read. I never wore slacks or jeans. And I never took part in the boys rough games. Boys picked berries in the summer and sold scrap iron.Interviewer As a child, did you have contacts with white people? That is, did you have a sense of yourself as black and without certain opportunities?Mrs. Cooper Except for the few white people who lived in the Quarters, as a child I didnt know many white people or have a sense of being discriminated against. My Friends were right there in the Quart ers. There were very, very few children there, so I remember primarily being with the adults. It wasnt until after I started to school that I because aware at we couldnt go to certain parks, couldnt swim in certain places.During the thirties my mother had to begin taking in washing and ironing for white people, so I began to see the white people she worked for. Then later I came to realize other differences. For example, there were no hospitals for black people. The one or two hospitals that would take black people put them in the based of course the black doctor, who had been taking care of you not be allowed to practice-to attend you in the whiteInterviewer Did your family have any contact with white people who were in an economic situation similar to yours-people whom we would call distressing whites?Mrs. Cooper My mother and I didnt, but my father did at his work. I remember him talking particularly about the woman who worked as a treasure at the factory who always ab apply an y black workers she had to treat who were injured on the job. Many workers would just try to treat their own wounds kinda than go to her to help them. Some would pull their own bad teeth for the same reason, rather than be badly treated by some white dentist.Interviewer Were conditions rougher in the 1930s during the Depression, or was it more or less more of the same?Mrs. Cooper We were always poor, but the Depression was definitely worse. People who had had jobs befuddled them or, like my father, were laid off for periods of time. And if you worked, the pay was often something like 3 or 4 dollars a week. What my mother always said that people used the old plantation skiffs to survive growing gardens, canning, making absolutely everything and buying almost nothing.Interviewer What was education like for African-Americans in Alabama at that time?Mrs. Cooper My mother, growing up on what had been the Morrisette Plantation, was well educated. Churches maintained schools in the count ry, and children who showed promise as good students were sought out and sent to these schools, if their parents would pay. My mother was sent for a time to Snow Hill Institute. Her parents scraped and picked cotton so that she could attend, but she didnt finish. The last year the crops were too bad, and she couldnt go. Most, of course, were not educated. My father attended school through the trio grade only. in my generation, most children I knew attended school, though many left at an early age to go to work. I believe that unequivocal schooling to the age of 16 did not come about until about 1941.Interviewer What occupations were open to African-Americans as you were growing up?Mrs. Cooper For women, aside from domestic work and labor like laundering, the only professions or trades were nursing and teaching. Of course, you only nursed or taught black people. Many women worked as cooks in private homes or restaurants, as maids in private homes or jitneyinesses. There were no bl ack sales clerks in stores. Men worked in the mines, in factories, as delivery boys, carpenters, and bricklayers. They could operate elevators, but they couldnt become firemen or policemen or salesmen. Some black men worked as tailors. Those who went into professions became doctors or dentists or principals or preachers within the black community.Interviewer What were the legal barriers that African-Americans faced?Mrs. Cooper Well, of course, we werent allowed to register to vote. Even though I was a schoolteacher for twenty years, I didnt register to vote until the late sixties. There were a few black attorneys who would take on cases, but at least in Birmingham in the thirties and forties, black attorneys couldnt practice in the courthouse. Their very presence in the court of justice was bitterly resented by many people.Interviewer What was the feeling in the black community about Autherine Lucys attempt to enter the University of Alabama?Mrs. Cooper They didnt know exactly what to think. But it was horrifying for us, terrifying. I thought I would have just given up. Everyone was very scared for her life. The older people were especially scared for her. They thought that the people would kill Autherine. There were other cases of black people trying to enter the state universities, in Tuscaloosa and Birmingham, at the time. Nobody thought they had much of a gamble because every excuse in the world would be brought up. I knew one young woman who was told that she would be accepted, but when her mortgage company heard about it, they threatened to cancel her mortgage. They said if their white customers found out that their company was providing a mortgage for a black person who was trying to go to white schools, they would take their coachiness elsewhere. So they couldnt afford to continue mortgaging her home if she kept trying to go to the university.Interviewer What about the Montgomery Bus Boycott?Mrs. Cooper We were always given the same treatment on bus es throughout the South that Rosa Parks received. Most of us had to ride the buses. We bought our tickets at the front of the bus and then went around to the back door to get in. A sign marked where the white section ended and the black, section began. if the white section was filled and more white people got on, you were ordered out of your seats and the driver would move the sign back to make the white section bigger. It was a terrible dismay as well as being terribly uncomfortable. We would be jammed together in the back like sardines. Even worse was when some of the whites would get off and some drivers would refuse to move the sign back up so that we could have more room and a few black people could sit down.Interviewer Mrs. Cooper, despite the difficulties and humiliations you have lived with in the South, you dont seem to put all white people into the same category.Mrs. Cooper No, you shouldnt put people into categories. Many of those bus drivers treated us badly. We dislike d them and made fun of them behind their backs. But some of them were good men who were polite and considerate and would even hold the bus for us when they knew we were late. No, not all black people are the same and not all white people are the same.